Is Your Home Air Making You Sick?

While we worry about smog, worse pollution is closerairflow and thus their ability, over time, to remove
to home. In fact it is in our homes.pollutants. Filters must be changed with some
As reporter Chandra Shikhar discovered, "more thanfrequency to maintain HEPA-level efficiency. Not all if
three decades after the Clean Air Act, the airus remain that diligent, even if we intend to be.
outdoors is much cleaner, even with many more"Gary McEldowney, the marketing director for
people, cars and industries ... but indoor air is anotherAllergyBuyersClub.com, said the cost of a purifier could
matter."range from $150 to $700, depending on size and
"It is an insidious kind of poisoning of our lives," saidfeatures. Replacement HEPA filters cost $40 to $150."
former California state legislator, Fred Keeley whoOther models are much more expensive.
successfully fought for indoor air regulation. "PollutantsAnother obvious disadvantage is that a single room
inside buildings vastly outnumber those outside", saidcleaner can't keep the rest of the air in your home
Jed Waldman, who heads the Indoor Air Qualityclean. It can't even maintain the high HEPA standard in
program at the California Department of Healththe room in which it is used, unless it runs continuously
Services.and the door and windows to the room are kept
Yet there's good news. You can take a few,closed - an unlikely possibility.
powerfully simple steps to make the air inside yourThis room-only approach is akin putting a bandaid on a
home - the one place you can control - better than thewound.
air outside. Here's to living healthier and longer withPortable Room Ionizers
clean air at home.Ionizers emit a small charge to the air stream that
Five Alarming Facts to Motivate You to Actcause particles to adhere to the filter or other surfaces
1. 50 percent of all illnesses are either caused orby a magnetic-like attraction. But this is not efficient as
aggravated by poor indoor air quality.particles can become re-suspended.
2. Asthma is now the most common chronic disorderWorse yet, ionizing emits ozone, a lung irritant that is
in childhood, affecting an estimated 6.2 million children inalso linked to other health problems. It can have
the U.S., according to the American Lung Association.damaging health effects, especially for those with
3. The EPA ranks poor indoor air quality as one of topasthma and other lung diseases, children and the
five public health risks. (Asthma, allergies, and otherelderly.
breathing difficulties, lung and heart disease, headachesAccording to Consumer Reports and the EPA, "While
and dizziness.)some indoor air pollutant concentrations decline in the
4. Americans spend nearly 90% of their time indoors.presence of ozone, other pollutants increase. In fact,
5. Indoor air pollution can be two to fives times toupon reaction with ozone, some previously undetected,
sometimes 100 times higher than outdoor air pollution.toxic chemicals emerge in indoor air, including
Who is Most Vulnerable to Dirty Air?formaldehyde and other aldehydes." See the EPA's
Those most at risk to polluted air at home:o Infantsarticle, "Ozone Generators Sold as Air Cleaners."
and young children.o People with asthma, allergies orTo add insult to injury, the units make a zapping and
other respiratory illnesses or who have heart or lungother noise as they emit ozone. Also it requires
problems - especially those who also lead stressfultime-consuming cleaning and frequent filter changes to
lives.o Elderly, most of whom have reduced lungmaintain even a lower level of performance.
capacity.o Smokers and those who live with them.oYour best option, if you cannot get a whole home air
People who work at home.o Those in colder climatescleaner, is to get a portable, room-only device with a
who tend to stay inside even longer.o People in urbanmechanical, HEPA-grade filter. If your home has a
areas.o Those living in energy-efficient or otherforced-air system you can get a whole home system.
well-built homes that seal air inside.Now you'll see your options. The good news is that
Even Tidy, Conscientious People Get Sick From Theirthere are clear choices. You do not have to spend a
Homelot of time nor money to get healthy air throughout
Even if you use non-toxic products, clean regularly,your home.
have a HEPA vacuum cleaner and do not smoke, norHow to Choose the Most Efficient Whole Home Air
have asbestos or damp surfaces or use a fireplace orCleaner
a wood stove, you are still vulnerable to the tiniest dustWhole home air cleaners can be placed in the
particles in your home - the respiratory suspendedductwork of forced-air systems heating or
particulates (RSPs).air-conditioning (also known as in-duct air cleaners). "If
They become airborne from even slight actions suchyou are using forced air for, the best way to clean the
as walking on the carpet, sitting on a sofa or lifting aair in your house is to add a filtration module to your
blanket. The particles are microbial air contaminants,system," said Alex Wilson, president of BuildingGreen in
ranging from bacteria and viruses to fungi and spores.Brattleboro, Vermont. As you'll read further down,
They include pollens, spores, asbestos fibers, insecthowever, you don't have to mess with the ducts, with
debris, food remnants, and pet dander.a hybrid system. It can be retrofitted, that is bolted right
What Makes RSPs So Dangerous to Your Health?onto your existing unit.
Size does matter. RSPs are so small that you canHere are the kinds of whole home air cleaners from
breathe them deep into your lungs. Multiple studieswhich you can choose:
show they cause acute or chronic health effects.Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPS)
They enter the blood or lymph tissue and cause aAll electrostatic precipitators use electricity to charge
host of respiratory problems. Those who are allergic toparticles passing through them and then attract them
respirable particles succumb to a range of healthelectrically (make them "stick") to either plates or a
problems, from allergic rhinitis to bronchial asthma.filter. As you compare systems consider these five
Radon and benzo-a-pyrene (suspected carcinogenickey factors:
agents) are transported by RSPs into the lungs.1. Performance over time: Efficiency goes down over
Gases or other substances may also be carried bytime in some systems.
RSPs into the lungs.2. Maintenance: It is key to continuously high
Respiratory illness, especially chronic illnesses likeperformance. Some systems are considerably more
bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma may be linked to,complex, messy and time-consuming - as are some
or aggravated by, exposure to RSPs.filters. Even a diligent person can get tired of the
Lung damage may be small yet it is cumulative. That isupkeep and avoid doing it. Some systems require
especially devastating for young children as the effectmore frequent filter changes than others.
of the damage increasingly reduces lung capacity as3. Ease and cost of installation.
they age.4. Sound: Some systems create noise while others are
Recent research shows that respiratory problemsquiet.
from RSPs and other air pollutants can also lead to5. Ozone emission: Some cleaners emit ozone, the
heart problems.pollutant in smog. Ozone can cause lung damage and
It Gets Worseother health problems. It also creates noise as it arcs,
These pollutants affect you more if you are sensitivesparks and pops.
to them or the longer you are exposed to them - forFollowing are the categories of air cleaner systems,
example, the amount of time you spend at home.described in the order of increasing levels of air
Health dangers range from itchy eyes to allergiccleaning performance, maintenance needs and
reactions to more dangerous effects such as aconvenience.
damaged immune systems, reduced lung capacity,1. Electrostatic Filters
heart difficulties and cancer.This is the least expensive kind of filtering system,
Slightly larger particles, such as pollen, dander andremoving 90% of particles that are 0.3 microns or less.
house-dust allergens, don't penetrate your lungs asIt requires frequent filter changes and, more importantly,
deeply, but they can cause debilitating allergicperformance goes down over time. One example is
responses.the Filtrete. Electrostatic units filter the air using static
Consider Testing the Air Quality in Your Homeelectricity. They have a static charge on the filter to
Consider getting a whole home air test, conducted byallow airborne particles to "stick" to the filter, just like
a certified indoor air consultant. Also consider testingstatic-charged clothing sticks together. The drawbacks
how efficiently your HVAC system is working. Mostto these units are that they capture fewer RSP's and
are at about 58% efficiency. Some people simply buythe filter needs to be replaced frequently
a continuously high-performing, whole home air cleaning2. Conventional Electronic Air Cleaners
system for peace of mind. They want to feel secureEACs charge particles and cause them to stick to
that they are making the air healthy in the one placeplates inside the unit or to a filter. In this way they trap
they can control - their home.and filter up to 98% of pollutants from the air passing
Now, here's to helping you make the smartest choicethrough your heating and cooling system. This kind of
in a home air cleaner.air cleaner can capture microscopic impurities like dust,
Choose the Most Efficient Air Cleaner for Your Homesmoke and smog particles in addition to larger particles
You can get a whole home air cleaner if you have alike mold spores and cat dander.
forced air system, meaning you have a furnace orCollected pollutants are removed by cleaning the
furnace and air conditioner. Then you already have aplates in the sink or dishwasher. Some EAC's use
basic mechanical filter. That's your first, crude level ofgrounded filters instead of plates but these require
defense against air pollution.expensive replacements.
These mechanical filters are typically made of a3. Hybrid Electronic Air Cleaner
coarsely woven metal. They can only remove largeA hybrid electronic air cleaner eliminates the need for
particles of dirt and hair. Even that capacity is greatlywires (or pins) and plates. Instead it uses a non-metallic
reduced when the filters are not replaced regularly.material to conduct the electricity and charge the
Worse yet, these mechanical filters can't capture theRSP's. Thus you can avoid the messy and
tiny RSPs. If you do not have a forced-air system ortime-consuming cleaning that comes with metal-based
want to consider a portable, room-only device, here'sEAC technology.
the basics you need to know.Then, it uses an inexpensive, recyclable but
Get a Portable Room-only Device or a Whole Homehighly-efficient, loosely woven filter to capture the
System?particles. This loose weave enables the unit to operate
The next step is to choose between a portablewith low static pressure. Filters replacements are
room-only cleaner and a whole home cleaner.easier than with conventional EACs.
Unfortunately, some don't have that choice. You can'tOnce to twice a year, depending on amount of air
get a whole home system if you do not have apollution filters are changed. As a consequence of
forced-air home furnace or air conditioning system.these innovations, consumers get the upside of a
In considering portable devices you have two kinds:conventional EAC (high efficiency) without the
ones with mechanical filters or ionizers.downsides (higher maintenance, costlier and more
Mechanical Filter-Based Portable Air Devicesinvasive installation, ozone emission in some, etc.).
The best kind meet the HEPA (high efficiencyPlus, since this hybrid operates in a way that reduces
particulate air filters) standard. That means they cansystem wear and tear and is easier to maintain, the
capture 99.97 percent of the airborne particles 0.3initial high-performance is continuous. It does now go
microns and larger that pass through the filter. Thesedown over time.
include tobacco smoke, household dust and pollen.One final thought. Winter is coming. Days are getting
Mechanical filters draw air through a flat, pleated orcolder and shorter. You may be spending more time
high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) surface to trapinside. Consider installing an air cleaner soon. It could be
particles.the priceless gift you can give yourself and those who
That design means HEPA filters can be efficient in theshare the holidays with you at home.
beginning yet tend to clog easily. Clogging reduces