Thyroid Problem – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Thyroid gland· Graves' disease: The release of excess hormones
The thyroid gland is an endocrine (meaning ductless)is triggered by an autoimmune disorder. For some
gland, which secretes its hormones directly into theunknown reason, the body attacks the thyroid, causing
bloodstream. It is located in the lower part of yourit to spill out too much hormone.
neck. It wraps around your windpipe (trachea) like a· Toxic adenomas: Nodules develop in the thyroid
bow tie, with two connecting lobes, and is well suppliedgland and begin to secrete thyroid hormones, upsetting
with blood vessels.the body's chemical balance; some goiters may
The association of thyroid disorders with skincontain several of these nodules.
manifestations is complex. Both hypothryoidism andOther thyroid problems
hyperthyroidism are known to cause these changes. InOther thyroid problems show up when the thyroid
order to study this association of skin changes ingland (at the lower front of your throat) swells or gets
relation to hypothyroidism, a study was carried out insore.
the outpatients department of Dermatology ofThese may be a signals for other thyroid diseases:
Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, over· an enlarging thyroid, called a goiter, is usually a sign
a period of 3 months from Jan-March 2005. Thirty twothat the gland is overworking but could be a failing
patients were enrolled in the study and parametersthyroid trying to do better
were noted regarding history, general symptoms,Indiand stats on thyroid disease'
cutaneous signs and associated diseases.'42 million Indians suffer from thyroid disease'
We found gain in weight (71.85%) and lethargyNEW DELHI: Nearly 42 million Indians are suffering
(65.62%) to be the most common complaints. Onfrom thyroid disease, doctors said on the International
cutaneous examination, dry, coarse texture of the skinDay of Thyroid on Sunday.
(56%), pigmentary disorders (37.5%) and telogenAccording to the Indian Thyroid Society (ITS), thyroid
effluvium (40.62%) were the most common findings.disorders are among the most common and yet most
Other associated disorders were vitiligo, melasma,under-diagnosed of all health problems, making it a
pemphigus, alopecia areata, xanthelasma palpebrarum,hidden disease.
etc.Treatment
How do I know if I'm having a problem with myHyperthyroidism is treated with radioactive iodine, anti
thyroid?thyroid drugs or surgery. A liberal diet providing
There are several things that can go wrong with youradequate amount of calories, proteins, vitamins and
thyroid, but the two most common are:minerals is indicated because patients have severe
· Hypothyroidism — when the thyroid does notmalnutrition since the basal metabolic rate is increased
produce enough thyroid hormone.thus the calorie requirement are also increased. 4000 -
· Hyperthyroidism — when the thyroid produces too5000kcal will be allowed. Protein requirement is also
much thyroid hormone.increased to 50% more than the actual requirement
What Causes Thyroid Problems?which is about 120 - 130 gm per day. This should come
All types of hyperthyroidism are due to anmainly from good quality protein egg, meat, poultry and
overproduction of thyroid hormones, but the conditioncereal and pulse combination.
can occur in several ways: